Prostate cancer is one of the most common types of cancer among men. In the United States alone, it is the second most diagnosed cancer in men, following skin cancer.
According to the American Cancer Society, about one in eight men will be diagnosed with prostate cancer in their lifetime. Despite this concerning statistic, prostate cancer is highly treatable, especially when detected early. The five-year survival rate for localized or regional prostate cancer is nearly 100%. However, for prostate cancer that has spread to distant parts of the body, the five-year survival rate drops to about 32%. Early detection is, therefore, key to improving outcomes and saving lives.
While all men are at risk for prostate cancer, certain factors can significantly increase that risk:
- Age
The likelihood of developing prostate cancer increases with age. Men over age 50 are at greater risk, with most cases diagnosed in men aged 65 and older.
- Family history
A family history of prostate cancer can elevate a man’s risk. Having a father, brother, or son with the disease doubles the risk. Moreover, it multiple family members have had prostate cancer, the risk becomes even higher.
- Race and Ethnicity
African American men are at the highest risk of developing and dying from prostate cancer compared to other ethnic groups. Studies show that African American men are more likely to develop prostate cancer at a younger age and with a more aggressive form of the disease.
- Genetic Factors
Certain inherited genetic mutations, such as BRCA1 and BRCA2, are associated with an increased risk of prostate cancer. Men with Lynch Syndrome are also more likely to develop the disease.
- Lifestyle and Diet
Obesity, a diet high in red and processed meats, and low physical activity have been linked to an elevated risk of developing prostate cancer.
Prostate cancer in its early stages may not cause any noticeable symptoms. However, as the cancer progresses, men may experience a variety of warning signs, including:
- Difficulty urinating or a weak urine stream
- Blood in the urine or semen
- Erectile dysfunction
- Pain in the hips, back, or chest (if the cancer has spread)
- Unexplained weight loss or fatigue
Men experiencing any of these signs should consult a healthcare provider for evaluation.
Although there is no guaranteed way to prevent prostate cancer, Lakes Regional Family Medicine physician Andrew Mueting, DO says there are steps men can take to lower that risk and catch the disease early:
- Screening
Prostate cancer screening, typically done through a prostate-specific antigen (PSA) test or a digital rectal exam, can help detect cancer early. Men should discuss screening options with their doctors, especially if they have risk factors such as age, family history, or are part of a high-risk group like African Americans.
- Healthy Lifestyle Choices
Maintaining a healthy weight, engaging in regular physical activity, and eating a balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains may help reduce the risk of prostate cancer.
- Know Your Family History
Understanding your family’s medical history can inform your screening decisions and overall risk assessment.
Prostate cancer is a serious health concern for men, but early detection and healthy lifestyle choices can significantly improve outcomes. By staying informed and discussing screening options with your healthcare provider, you can take proactive steps in managing your health and reducing the risk of prostate cancer.
